LINUX FILE SYSTEM EXPLAINED

 

If you’re new to Linux or just want to get a clear understanding of its directory structure, this guide is for you!

The Linux file system organizes all files and resources in a hierarchical structure starting from / (root). This might seem complex at first, but it's designed to keep everything well-structured, adaptable, and easy to manage.

Let's break down each directory in depth:

• / — The root directory — starting point for everything in Linux. All other files and folders reside under it.

•  /bin — Stores essential command binaries (like ls) that are needed by all users, especially during boot-up or when in single-user mode.

•  /boot — Holds files related to the Linux boot process, including boot loaders, kernel files, and initial RAM disks.

• /dev — Stores device files, representing hardware components, disks, and peripheral equipment. Every piece of hardware is treated as a file.

• /etc — Stores all configuration files for the system. Here’s where you’ll find files that control services, network settings, users, and much more.

• /home — Each user's home directory. This is where you save personal files, documents, media, and custom configurations.

•  /lib — Shared libraries used by programs and modules across the system. This includes essential code routines.

•  /media — Temporary mount points for media, such as CD-ROMs, external drives, or even ISO files.

• /mnt — Temporary mounting directory for filesystems. Often used by administrators for maintenance or data transfer.

• /opt — Stores additional or third-party application packages. Software that isn’t a standard Linux package typically goes here.

• /proc — An intermediary directory that lets you view and modify kernel and process information in real time.

• /root — Home directory for the root (superuser) account — separate from ordinary users’ home folders.

•  /run — Stores run-time process information and temporary files used by services and applications while they’re active.

• /sbin — Holds essential system administration binaries — typically used by administrators with elevated privilege.

• /srv — Stores data for services provided by the server (like website files for a web server).

• /sys — A virtual directory for accessing kernel structures and configuration details.

• /tmp — Temporary files directory — a place for programs and users to create files that aren’t meant to be permanent.

•  /usr — Stores secondary programs, libraries, and resources that aren’t essential for the base OS. Often contains additional software installed by users or administrators.

•  /var — Stores files and data that frequently change, like caches, logs, databases, and other application-specific files.

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✨ Key Takeaway:
The Linux directory structure might seem complex, but it's designed to enable efficiency, organization, and easy administration — whether you’re a beginner or a veteran Linux expert.